Small group tour of Tunisia

We make our own way to our accommodation in Tunis, where the group will meet with the Odyssey Program Leader and sit down together for a welcome dinner. (D)

Tunis is the capital of Tunisia. Originally a Berber settlement, it fell under Phoenician control in the 9th century BC, ruling from their capital in Carthage. The Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Empire fought each other in the Punic Wars (‘Punic’ has the same root as ‘Phoenician’), which ended with both Carthage and Tunis destroyed and the Romans free to expand into the Mediterranean. Today we will be visiting Phoenician and Roman ruins in Carthage. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the town of Carthage has abundant ruins and remains of the Punic and Roman empires: baths, dwellings, mosaics, temples, shrines and the fabulous naval port of the Carthaginians. We will be visiting: Tophet archaeological site - a tophet is a sacred site for burial and sacrifice, especially of young children, in the ancient Phoenician religion Antonine Baths - the largest built Roman baths on the African continent Byrsa Hill - a walled citadel above the Phoenician harbour; according to Virgil, this was where the legendary Tyre princess Dido founded Carthage National Museum of Carthage On our way back to our accommodation in Tunis, we will stop en route at cliff-top Sidi Bou Said in northern Tunisia, a picturesque Andalucian-style village with white-washed buildings and blue doors and windows. Named after a 13th century Sufi saint, the village received protected status in 1915. We will have lunch here at a local restaurant, and explore the beautifully decorated Dar El Annabi House Museum, built in the 18th century. We will also have free time to walk around the village. (B, L)

Today we will be exploring the main sights of Tunis with a local guide. The Medina of Tunis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was founded in the 7th century, growing around the Zitouna Mosque (Al-Zaytuna Mosque). The great mosque, covering an area of 5,000 square metres, is the oldest in the city, its minaret overlooking the shops and buildings in the medina. It has 160 columns said to have been brought originally from the ruins of Carthage. In the heart of the mosque was a university that had educated many Muslim scholars and political leaders. We swill stop for lunch at a local restaurant, and in the afternoon visit the Bardo National Museum, home to an extensive collection of Roman mosaics and works that speak to the history of the whole Mediterranean region. The museum has been housed in a 15th-century palace of the Hafsid dynasty since 1888. (B, L)

We will be travelling from Tunis to Sousse, stopping en route in three ancient and medieval cities across the Cape Bon peninsula. Kerkouane near the Cape Bon peninsula was a Phoenician city possibly abandoned after the First Punic War and not inhabited nor rebuilt by the Romans. This left behind the ruins of a Phoenician town and necropolis untouched by later civilisations. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. From Kerkouane we continue to Kelibia on Cape Bon to visit the Kelibia Fort. Kelibia, then named Aspis in the 5th century BC, was the site of the first African battle in the Punic Wars. The Kelibia Fort was built in the 16th century. Our next stop is a visit to the ancient Medina of the port town of Hammamet in Cap Bon's southeastern coast, before heading to Sousse. We will have dinner in our Sousse accommodation after settling in. (B, D)

This morning we will have a guided walking tour of the Medina of Sousse (also spelled Susa or Sousa). This former Phoenician colony fell to the Romans, but largely retained its Arabian look after the Arabian conquest in the 9th century. Its medina, which we will be exploring today, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We will also enter the Sousse Archaeological Museum, which is housed in the kasbah or fortification of the medina and covers 2,000 square metres. The afternoon and remainder of the day is free. (B)

Today we will travel to the town of Sfax in the southeast of Tunisia, founded on the ruins of a Roman town. En route, we will stop at the Ribat of Monastir. A ribat is an Islamic defensive structure, and the Ribat of Monastir, founded in 796, was the oldest built by the Arab conquerors in their conquest of North Africa. More towers were added throughout the years, and the structure was refurbished in the 1960s. We continue to the Habib Bourguiba Mausoleum, located near the main burial site of the city and houses the remains of former president Habib Bourguiba, the father of Tunisian independence, as well as the remains of his family. It is an impressive example of Arab-Muslim architecture, adorned with marble and gold. Within the mausoleum is a small museum with Bourguiba's personal belongings. We will learn more about his role in Tunisian independence in the National Movement Museum, which documents Tunisia's struggle for independence from France. From Monastir we travel to Moknine, where we will visit local artisans creating ceramics or jewellery. We transfer to El Jem to visit the El Jem Amphitheatre, the best-preserved Roman amphitheatre in Africa, designed to seat 35,000 spectators. We continue on to Sfax, where we will have dinner at our accommodation. (B, D)

We will visit the Dar Jellouli Museum, also known as the Regional Museum of Arts and Folk Traditions, housed in a classical 17th century Tunisian house in the heart of the Sfax medina. It was turned into an artistic centre in 1939 under the direction of French scholar Lucien Golvin. We will make a stop in the coastal town of Gabes and drive south to the Isle of Djerba, our base for the next three nights. We will have dinner at a local restaurant before settling in for the night. (B, D)

Today we will be visiting the Ksar Ouled Soltane in Tataouine, southern Tunisia. A ksar is a fortified Berber-era granary, and the Ksar Ouled Soltane features well-preserved granary vaults built from mud, fortified to protect it from raids. In popular culture, this ksar was also used to represent young Anakin Skywalker's quarters in Star Wars: Phantom Menace. (The planet in the film was also named Tattooine, after the district.) We will stop at Douiret and Chenini to view the centuries-old mountaintop Berber villages and troglodyte cave dwellings carved into the hills. We will have lunch in Chenini at a local restaurant. Before heading back to Djerba, we will stop at the ksar and the honeycomb-like ghorfa (vaulted room) complex in Medinine, a major town in southern Tunisia. (B, L)

We will be spending the whole day exploring the Isle of Djerba. Djerba at 514 square kilometres is the largest island of North Africa, home to Muslim, Berber and Jewish communities. We will visit the island's main urban centre, Houmt Souk ("market neighbourhood"), which developed from an old Roman site called Gerba. We will enter the Folk Museum (Musée des Arts et Traditions Populaires, Museum of Arts and Popular Traditions) in order to learn more about the culture and folklore of the city and the island. In the Jewish village of Erriadh, we will visit the El Ghriba Synagogue, the oldest synagogue in Tunisia and a site of pilgrimage, and view the murals of "Djerbahood", created for a street art event in 2014. We will have lunch at a local restaurant in this village. Before returning to our accommodation, we will stop at the small town of Guellala, with has a majority Berber-speaking population. It is famous throughout the country for its pottery, an activity that has been supported for centuries by the surrounding rich clay deposits. (B, L)

We will be leaving the Island of Djerba today for Kairouan. On the way we will stop at the Mareth Military Museum, dedicated to World War II and built from the fortification line built by the French to protect Tunisia from Italian invasion. In Tamezret, we will visit the Berber Museum (Le Musee Berbere de Tamezret), built from the cave of a traditional Berber family home. In the village of Matmata, we will visit the troglodyte quarters of Hotel Sidi Driss, which will be familiar to fans of the Star Wars saga as the childhood home of Luke Skywalker. We will have lunch at a local restaurant in the area. In Kairouan, we will have dinner at our accommodation. (B, L, D)

We will enjoy a full day of sightseeing in Kairouan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kairouan was founded by the Umayyads in the 7th century and became a centre for Sunni Islamic scholarship and an important Islamic city, next only to Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia. We will visit the following Aghlabid Basins - an advanced work of engineering in the Middle Ages, built in the 9th century to bring water to this arid region Great Mosque of Kairouan - founded in the year 670, and the oldest Islamic place of worship in Africa; nearby is the Lalla Rihana Gate and cemetery with interesting tomb architecture, which we will also view Barber's Mausoleum - built in the 7th century and expanded in the 17th, this houses the tomb of Sidi Sahib, companion of the prophet Muhammad Following lunch at a local restaurant, we will visit the souks (traditional Arab markets) and see the famous Kairouan carpets and other handicrafts on sale. We will visit the Raqqada National Museum of Islamic Art, located 10 kilometres southwest of Kairouan, which holds collections of medieval Islamic art and objects from Kairouan as well as the sites of Raqqada, the second royal city, and Al-Mansuriya, once the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate. (B, L)

We will be leaving Kairouan for Tunis today. En route we will stop at the hilltop village of Takrouna. Takrouna is perched approximately 200 metres above sea level, on a hill overlooking the Gulf of Hammamet and Sousse to the east and the Kairouan plain to the south. It also has connections to New Zealand; during World War II, New Zealand forces attacked and eventually captured then Italian- and German-occupied Takrouna. We will stop for a mint tea at Le Rocher Bleu café, and explore Dar Gmach Museum which is next to the cafe. The museum is housed in a two-room traditional home showcasing Berber artefacts. En route to El-Fahs, we will stop to view the Zaghouan Aqueduct, an ancient Roman aqueduct that once supplied water to Carthage. In El-Fahs we will visit the vast Roman site Thuburbo Majus, once a Punic town turned Roman veteran colony around 27 BC, its former wealth evident in the incredible ruins. From here we will travel to Tunis for the night. (B)

Today marks our final full day of excursion. From Tunis we head to the archaeological sites of Dougga and Bulla Regia in Jendouba. Bulla Regia located near Jendouba was a former royal capital of a Numidian kingdom--hence the name, which translates to "Royal Bulla"--and later flourished as a Roman town. The ruins we will see date from this era. Dougga (or Thugga) likewise was a Roman settlement and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In its citation, UNESCO describes it as "the best-preserved example of an Africo-Roman town in North Africa" and "an exceptional illustration of what daily life was like in Antiquity." It has several temples, baths, residences, and funerary structures, a standout visit for those interested to learn more about Roman presence in the African continent. We return to our accommodation in Tunis and sit down for our farewell dinner. (B, D)

Our tour and services end after breakfast. (B)